2016 TOEIC Registration and Test Dates

2016 TOEIC Registration and Test Dates 2016 TOEIC Listening and Reading Registration Basics If youre ready to take the TOEIC Listening and Reading, (youve read the documents listed below, practiced and prepared) then you have to register before you can take this 2.5 hour exam. The TOEIC is your key to the future in many cases, so you better read up on these important TOEIC registration facts before you decide to take the plunge.   2016 TOEIC Registration Details You can complete your TOEIC registration online or by filling out a form and mailing it to: In the U.S.: TOEIC ® Services America, 1425 Lower Ferry Road, Ewing, NJ 08618 In Puerto Rico: ETS Puerto Rico Office 250 Muà ±oz Rivera Avenue, American International Plaza, Hato Rey, PR 00918 For the TOEIC Listening and Reading test, there is no walk-in or standby registration, so be sure to register on time so you dont miss your spot. The deadline to register for a public testing session is always on the Thursday one week before the test at, 5 p.m., Eastern Time. If, for example, youre interested in testing on December 10, 2016, then your registration deadline is on Thursday, December 1.   TOEIC Fees: If you take the TOEIC at a public testing center in the U.S., the price is $75 if youd like your scores sent somewhere within the US. If youd like your scores sent outside of the US, the price is $80. If the test is given by your company or organization, the price is set by them so contact your supervisor for pricing info. Fees vary for test-takers outside the U.S. Changed your mind? Dont want to take the TOEIC and want your money back? Refunds are not given if you cancel your test for any reason, unless the test is canceled by the administrators because of low enrollment. So decide ahead of time the best month to take your exam so you dont lose out on the cash because youve had a change of heart.   2016 TOIEC Listening and Reading Test Dates in the U.S. Taking the TOEIC outside of the United States? Youll need to contact your local ETS Preferred Network Office  to find your local administrations. US testers, here are your test dates: January 16, 2016February 13, 2016March 12, 2016April 9, 2016May 14, 2016June 11, 2016July 9, 2016August 13, 2016September 10, 2016October 8, 2016November 12, 2016December 10, 2016    TOEIC Test Centers: There are a few public TOEIC testing centers across the U.S., but not every state has one and many states only have one or two. In California, for example, there are fifteen testing centers, but New York only has three and Colorado only has one test center. Depending on where you live, you may be driving, or even flying, a while. Across the globe not every country has a public testing center, either, so if youd like to register for the TOEIC, but a center isnt located near you, you can request information from ETS to help you find a way to take the exam near you. Complete your TOEIC Registration Now Must Read Documents Before You Complete Your TOEIC Registration: TOEIC 101 Write a Great TOEIC EssayHow to Make an InferenceHow to Find the Main IdeaHow to Understand Vocabulary Words in Context

My SAT Testing Center Was a Nightmare - Make Sure This Doesnt Happen to You

My SAT Testing Center Was a Nightmare - Make Sure This Doesn't Happen to You SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips On Saturday, June 6th, I sat alongside high school students to take the SAT at George Washington Prep High School in South Los Angeles. I knew what to expect. I’d taken the test back in 2009 in South Florida when I was beginning my own college application process. I could never have imagined how different my experience would be this time. My SAT Testing center, located in a poor area of Los Angeles, had HUGEflaws that resulted in extremely unfair testing conditions for the students. When I shared these experiences with my co-workers, they were flabbergasted. But others shared experiences that were just as deplorable. I wish I were joking. I wish this were satire. But this isn't Saturday Night Live, and there were serious problems that ruined the experience for the other test-takers, many of whom were taking it for the first time and using vouchers. This is undoubtedly happening across the country and crippling the scores and futures of thousands of students. Unfortunately, as in my experience,these problems may be especially prevalent in lower income areas where students aren't as well prepared for how the test SHOULD go, and incompetent proctors may be overlooked. Read this and make sure this doesn't happen to you. I'll address the five main issues that occurred: Shortened section times Communicating the wrong instructions Intolerable noise Poor proctoring leading to opportunities for cheating Break time waived I'm reporting 100% fact from my own experience. I'm not a dramatic person, and I wish these things hadn't happened. At the end, I'll address why these issues matter, what you as a test taker should learn from my experience, and what the College Board should learn from my experience. Shortened Section Time Issues While many students are angry over the 20/25-minute discrepancy on section 8/9 of the test, this is not the timing issue I am referring to. To be honest, no one at my testing center seemed to notice. There were too many other issues. We only received 20 minutes for the essay portion, instead of 25 minutes - a full 20% less than the allotted time. Our proctor incorrectly wrote that we started at 8:45 when we actually started at 8:50, according to my watch and the clock on the wall.I didn’t say anything at the time because I assumed he was timing off his own watch that was perhaps 5 minutes behind. I assumed we would be stopped at 9:15 according to my watch, but we were stopped at 9:10. How many clocks does it take to tell the time? I didn't say anything, and I regret it. I was able to finish my own essay, but I could have potentially helped the students around me. I didn't say anything at the time because I second-guessed myself. Was I wrong?Was the section only 20 minutes long? I re-read the instructions after the test was over and realized that we were supposed to have 25 minutes for the essay. Also, in some ways, I felt helpless. I only had 1 proctor in my room, and he was the one making the mistakes. Would he listen to me? Who could I talk to other than him? I should have sought help from the other proctors especially because the timing issues continued. On a few sections without a break before them, we were short a minute per section. For those sections, our proctor said the section began at the same time the other ended.When in fact, he read directions in between, so the new section began about a minute after the other ended. With only 10-25 minutes per section, this minute could have been crucial to students. I made a mistake by not speaking up, but you shouldn't. If this happens to you, you MUST speak up. While this issue may have had the most direct impact on our scores, the others are just as worrisome. 100% Incorrect Instruction Issues On top of the timing issues, there were issues with the instructions.At the beginning of the test when reading the directions, the proctor misspoke and said you could not write in your test booklet. What I think he meant was that you can’t ONLY write your answers in the test booklet, as you need to fill out the scantron to have your test scored. A student was confused and asked if she could write in the booklet. He said no. This is absolutely, 100% false. You're supposed to mark up the reading passages and do your math figuring directly in the test booklet. I spoke up. I said, â€Å"Yes, you can write in the booklet, but you need to put your final answers on the scantron.†The proctor said he wasn’t sure.Finally, another student spoke up and said that she read on the back of her test booklet that you can write in it.The student who originally asked the question looked unsure because the proctor still said he wasn’t sure. This is unacceptable. Imagine how hard it is to do math without writing out work or use process of elimination when you can’t physically cross out answer choices.If this happened at my site, you could imagine how many instruction issues occur throughout the country. People who have studied the test thoroughly know this instruction is wrong. But people who haven't taken the test and aren't prepared would have no idea.This would cripple their score. Another PrepScholar writer took the test at a different testing center in Los Angeles this weekend, and her proctor kept skipping over instructions or telling "jokes" like "the test will last 23 hours."Her proctor really scared some students with that one.Additionally, her proctor missed several 5-minute warnings. So, it's very important to bring your own watch to self-time.Some issues are out of your control: Unbearable, Concentration-Breaking Noise Issues During my test, there were noise issues CAUSED by the proctor as well as outside noise issues.After starting the test, our proctor promptly popped in ear buds and began listening to music. This is wrong on a number of levels.We could hear the music clearly through his headphones, and finally, about 10 minutes into the essay, one student had the courage to ask him to lower the volume.To his credit, our proctor apologized profusely and lowered the volume - but he should not have been listening in the first place. LOUD NOISES! At some point in the middle of the test, our proctor opened the window to our classroom (big mistake).During one section, we heard young children screaming in the hallway for a few minutes (why were they at a high school on a Saturday? who knows!).Our proctor did ask them to stop, but it was still a disturbance, and the window should have been closed. During a later section, there was a very loud ice cream truck playing â€Å"it’s a small world† on loop.I asked the proctor about it, but he just told me it was an ice cream truck and did nothing. It clearly was parked in the school parking lot or something because it continued to play â€Å"it’s a small world† audibly and loudly for about 15-20 minutes. This noise was incredibly distracting. I was trying to power through a CR passage and block it out.Again, the proctor did not close the window. He did not try to get another faculty member to investigate the noise. He just let it continue. I know noise issues are a common problem.Another PrepScholar writer took the test in Northern California this weekend, and her proctor was watching a movieon their iPad, which accidentally switched to full volume during a section.She said her proctor promptly turned it off.However, no proctors should be allowed to use electronic devices during the test.They need to be alert and focused to catch any possible cheating. Creating Opportunities for Cheating Issues During my test, there was a definite possibility of cheating. I am not saying that anyone cheated. I did not specifically see anyone cheating. However, I know it would have been far more possible to happen compared to normal testing centers. At the beginning of the test, when the proctor was listening to his music while at his desk, it would have been easy to whisper to the students around you to discuss the essay. Don't do it! During one break, the proctor stood outside the classroom by the door, leaving all of the students who decided to stay in the room alone at their desks with their test booklet and answer key.It would have been easy to go back and review your work or answer problems you couldn’t get to. Additionally, the proctor only walked up and down the aisles at most 3 times during the entire test.He did not check calculators.We could easily have had unapproved programs with vocabulary words or something else. While I genuinely do not think cheating occurred in my classroom, my proctor definitely opened himself up to possible cheating.My proctor did not seem to care about much other than getting out of the test as quickly as possible, which leads me to my next point. Waiving Important Breaks Issues Another huge issue was that after our 4th section break, our proctor put it to a vote as to whether we would only break between the 7th and 8th section or whether we’d take 2 breaks. No. This test is NOT a democracy. The College Board requires three 5-minutebreaks and doesn’t let the students decide.We voted to take only one break.My proctor was elated as he was â€Å"trying to get to a Dodger’s game.† I didn’t need another break; however, I’m sure if I were a student who wanted the additional break to reset, I would have been too nervous to speak up and conflict the group opinion. Students should not have been placed in that awkward situation. Why Does This Matter? Social Inequality. The College Board Is Failing Its Students. All of these problems created an incredibly unfair testing environment. I definitely think my score may have been impacted. I barely finished the Critical Reading section while "it's a small world" was playing on loop. All of the issues made it very difficult to concentrate. Additionally, the essay, for which we received20% less time than normal, counts for 30% of our Writing score. An incomplete essay or poorly written essay could easily drop your score 100-200 points on the Writing section. If this happened at my testing center, which I randomly chose from the centers available in the Los Angeles reason, irregularity must be incredibly prevalent, and that is unbelievably sad. As I mentioned, two other PrepScholar writers also had unforgivably bad experiences at their test sites.Testing center regulation should be of the utmost importance to the College Board, especiallyas I believe this issue may impact those at the lowest socioeconomic levels more. I took my test at George Washington Preparatory High School in the Westmont neighborhood in South Los Angeles. According to an article from the LA Times, the average household income in Westmont is $31,572. It ranks 242nd out of the 265 ranked neighborhoods by household income in Los Angeles, meaning it'sthe 13th poorest neighborhood in all of Los Angeles, in the bottom 10 percentile. The College Board already knows from their testing data that their SAT tests unfairly disadvantage those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. However, the College Board does not take into account the unfair testing conditions that may be contributing to these students' lower scores as well. I know that the playing fields are incredibly uneven when it comes to SAT testing centers. My original SAT Testing Center, William T. Dwyer High School in Palm Beach Gardens, Florida, stuck to the rules. The proctors knew the instructionsand were able to answer any of our questions. There were no noise disturbances, and the timing was precise. The proctors circulated throughout the test, ensuring that there was no cheating. I don't know what it takes to become a proctor in South Los Angeles. Clearly, the proctors weren't instructed well, and the College Board doesn't care enough to maintain quality evenly throughout the country. If I were to guess, the College Board takes extra care when it knows students are hyper-vigilant and ready to pounce on a single screwup. In wealthy areas of metropolises like New York City, Boston, Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Chicago, students would complain incessantly. And the College Board can't risk another scandal. So it pays attention to those areas and makes sure they stay quiet. But where students are unprepared, don't know their rights, and aren't as motivated to report problems, the College Board gets away with unforgivable behavior like this. TheSAT can account for a huge part of whether a student can get into her dream college or not. These conditions severely disadvantage the people the College Board is supposed to be trying to help. But not all hope is lost. While the College Board may not be doing anything to level the playing field, you as the test taker can take certain steps to help yourself get the fairest testing conditions possible. What a Test Taker Should Learn From My Experience: Try to go into the SAT as knowledgeable as possible about the test. Know the amount of timing you are allowed per section. Read the instructions at home. You should be able to read them off of any free SAT practice test. If you have any questions about these directions, email or call the College Board in advance of your test date, so you know the answer from the authority. Ask your older friends where they took their SAT. Ask them if there were any issues. Was the timing correct? Was there distracting noise? Bring your own watch to time yourself. If you notice a timing issue, raise your hand and ask/tell your proctor about it. For noise issues, unfortunately, the College Board doesn’t allow you to take the test with ear plugs (a policy I think they should change). You need to ask your proctor to close all windows. Ask your proctor to tell whoever is outside to quiet down or go elsewhere. If your proctor is unable to answer any questions you have about the instructions, ask your proctor to go ask someone else. Demand to speak to someone else or have your proctor call the College Board. If you have other issues with your proctor as far as allowing possible cheating or trying to cut out break or anything else, go find another proctor during your break! Tell the other proctor what is happening. If you feel your issues were not addressed at the testing center, call the College Board; here is their phone number. I did! The College Board takes these matters seriously as they pride themselves on standardization. What the College Board Should Learn From My Experience: With all of these issues, I hope the College Board will consider offering free re-tests to every other student at George Washington Prep High School. I also feel this reveals a bigger issue that the College Board needs to address: proctor training.I think all proctors should undergo a required training session before they act as a proctor for any SAT test. At these training sessions, the proctors should be taught the instructions and rules of the test. They should be taught the exact timing procedure including breaks, and they should be forced to practice it. Also, they should be told that they are never allowed to use electronic devices during the test. Additionally, they should be taughthow to watch for cheating by checking calculators, walking up and down the aisles, etc. Proctors need to know their own dos and don'ts. While I believe my proctor could have done better, I still think the College Board is to blame for the lack of standardized procedures at test centers. Why has the situation gotten so bad? I am not sure. Perhaps the College Board needs to send observers to every school site toensure fair testing conditions are being met? I also think thatall SAT test takersshould receive a test taker’s rights guide from the College Board so that they know what is fair or unfair.These students I took the test with were mainly first time, voucher-using students, who had no idea what to expect. What’s Next? Taking the SAT soon? Learn about the rules and regulations, and know thatif your test center has a problem to speak up. Trying to figure out where to go to college? Let us help you pick out your target school. Studying for the SAT? Read our ultimate SAT study guide. Taking the test really soon? Learn how to cram for the test. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Exploring the Bible through literaty genre Essay

Exploring the Bible through literaty genre - Essay Example tice during the time those events had happened, and in addition to that, most of the stories were written in parables that only ancient language or literature can best describe the message. The most challenging part of studying the bible’s literature is, understanding its true meaning and the message it wants to share in every shade of the words used. Therefore in-order for people to further understand the bible, authors tried to translate it in English. English has been acknowledged and almost spoken worldwide, there would be at least a few number of people from different countries who understand, write and speak English, however the issue that surrounds language does not end with translation. Every nation or country and even culture practices and uses their own language, this is how they communicate best within that group, and is more known to be their first language. And to make communication even more effective for orienting and teaching the young ones, their literature was based on that language. Comprehending the context (voiced or literature) is how a person understands the words used to complete the message of the story, and most of the time other nationalities that has a different language rather than English would translate the meaning of the word based on their orientation, and most of the time, the word that is translated would have a different meaning and bearing. One good example of first language translation is in p23. Genisis 2: 22-23 of the material. â€Å"And the rib, which the Lord God had taken from man, made he a woman, and brought her unto the man. And Adam said, â€Å"This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh: she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of Man.† The literature was originally written in Hebrew and later on translated in English word per word, a natural English oriented person reading this would definitely give meaning to the literature, because English is the person’s first language, and it would go from

Effect of the American Revolution on Native American groups Research Paper

Effect of the American Revolution on Native American groups - Research Paper Example The Native Americans had no centralized governance that can unite the whole country. In addition, they also had no laws. With this, Europeans described the Native Americans as barbaric or savage. Although the Native Americans had their own civilization, the Europeans still considered it as something backward as compared to their own civilization. This perspective became the reason of the Europeans to colonize America.2 Parts of America became a colony of the Spanish a year after Columbus’ discovery of it. There had been major changes in America. Since the reasons of Spanish in colonizing other territories included â€Å"glory, gold and God†, the major changes in the American Indians’ lives happened in these areas. In this era, Native Americans first acquired their religion, Catholicism.3 America was rich in resources and this attracted more colonizers, which included French and Dutch people. Also, the colonizers started mixing or forming marriage with the Native Americans.4 All colonizers of America contributed to the development of the nation. Each colonizer has its own perspective of living that has been imparted to the Native Americans. Also, one of the major contributors in civilization of the Americans was the English nation. The English nationals brought Protestantism in America. They also introduced the notion of â€Å"conqueror† to the Americans. Also, they started the slavery of the â€Å"blacks†. The English brought Africans to America and treated them as slaves working in the agricultural sector.5 It can be seen that colonialism greatly affected Americans. From being â€Å"behind† and â€Å"savage†, the Americans acquired religion, improved food system and governance from their colonizers which shaped the identity of the Americans. However, they did not settle as a colony only. America acquired freedom from their colonizers and became a nation. The Americans revolted against their colonizers and strugg led to achieve independence.6 From the revolution, Americans developed their definition of freedom. Americans worked to improve the view of the nation in terms of slavery. America became United States of America after the revolution.7 The development of country was soon observed. There were issues concerning the nation that the leaders started to encounter such as the establishment of the government and different social issues (e.g. gender issues) that started to rise and affect the development of the country. The Americans applied what they learned from the past years of being a colony to their newfound freedom. The building of the nation was much improved, laws were made and disputed. Slavery was reformed and people became more educated. After being colonized, America enlarged the nation’s territory also. Although the slavery had been reformed, it was not enough to eliminate slavery especially in the non-white settlers of United States of America. The people’s belief on their race heightened and expanded outward their territory. The US expanded their territory to the West. The Americans viewed their own race to be more important than that of the people with different skin color. They felt that it was a Divine right to extend their territory and the other

Parent Involment in Education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Parent Involment in Education - Research Paper Example The pure culture of the society this family lives in greatly influences how this family lives and how the child imbibes the culture as he expresses it in his developing personality. The mesosystem comprises the linkages and processes that take place between two or more settings with the child in common. A perfect example is how learning in school is supported by follow up lessons in the home. The third level comprising linkages and processes taking place between two or more settings is the exosystem. This includes at least one setting that does not directly involve the child, but still influences the processes within the immediate setting of the child. An example is the parent’s occupation. The workplace of this parent does not contain the child, but processes at work may affect his development such as the hours spent there by the parent may affect the parent-child bond. The fourth system is the macrosystem which includes the customs, values and laws considered important in th e child’s culture and upbringing. A child from another culture may celebrate special customs and traditions from his culture apart from the special occasions celebrated in his host country. Lastly, the chronosystem in Brofenbrenner’s Ecological model, refers to the time that transpires as the child relates in his various environments. An example is the change that happens to the child while he grows up moving from one system to another, like the westernization of the values of a child originally from an Asian culture (Brofenbrenner, 1979). This ecological model implies that the interplay and quality of the various systems and environments of the child will play different roles in influencing his development.... This paper approves that learning-at-home activities contribute to student success by incorporating learning activities done at home which are related to the children’s class work. Families support their children by helping out with such tasks. Examples of these activities may include interactive homework, goal-setting activities, student-family-teacher contracts for projects, summer reading packets and student-led home portfolio nights. Teachers may also provide tips and suggested activities that parents can do with their children such as arts and crafts or simple experiments as well as lyrics to songs. On the other hand, parents are always welcome to raise their concerns, questions or complaints regarding their children. They are free to call the school, write a note or schedule for a parent-teacher conference. This essay makes a conclusion that despite the school’s advocacy for family involvement, there is no pressure for parents to participate if they are not interested. However, for those dedicated ones who support their children in their growth and development, as well as the school’s efforts in optimizing their potentials by encouraging bonding with families, they receive recognition. Parent Awards are distributed at the end of the year to honor those who have been steadfast in their support and cooperation. Enjoining parents and families in their children’s school activities not only strengthens bonds between them but also creates happy memories that children will fondly look back to when they grow up.

Marketing orientation of nike

Marketing orientation of nike Marketing is the management process that identifies, anticipates and satisfies customer requirements profitably  [1]   In details of this definition, marketing is a management process where all the activities and tasks are coordinated and performed by both individuals and equipment. By identifying a group of customers their needs, interests and helps them to get goods in a reasonable price with good quality. Not only these, expecting them for the next time and which will make business profitable. The definition provided by the Philip Kotler is- Marketing is the social process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others  [2]   In this definition Kotler said, marketing is a social process means by researching market identify the consumers how they behave and attitude, consider and think about a product; how a particular product is good enough to satisfy buyer wants and needs; also how it is well enough to feel them grater to make and exchange with good value for the product. From my own definition- Marketing is a managerial and social process where organisation performs or does activities to ensure and identify customer needs and wants are fulfilled, satisfying them by creating products or services with the exchange of value through ensuring the profitability for the organisation. 1. B Marketing Orientation The meaning of marketing concept for an organisation is that, they are aimed all of it efforts to keep closer themselves to the customers for satisfying them by the services or products around the needs and wants and stay always a step ahead from their competitors. Basically the major objective is for the organisation to create a centre of attention of their products to the customers.  [3]   Basically marketing orientation is an approach to business that centres its activities to satisfy the needs and wants of its customers. Marketing orientation is really a good range of activities where it is necessary to make sure that all the marketing researches are about to invent the customer needs and requirements. The marketing orientation concept is based on the following three pillars- Nike are strongly customer-focused, heavily committed and give the superior value for customers. These company shares an absolute dedication to sensing, serving and satisfying the needs of customers in well-defined target markets. They motivate everyone in the organization to deliver high quality and superior value for their customers, leading to high levels of customer satisfaction. These organizations know that if they take care of their customers, market share and profits will follow.  [4]   1. C Selling vs. Marketing concept and which one best describes for Nike Selling orientation is a kind of marketing activities where business tries to influence or persuade customers to buy their product or service. It sees its work as getting the interest of potential customers for their existing products and services Marketing orientation is another part of marketing activities where the company first target a market, then try to discover customer needs and wants, besides some coordinating activities to convince consumers like pricing, design, communication, appropriate delivery, competitive and profitable goods and services. Nike is a market oriented organisation because- Nike has well understanding of its target consumers to construct a greater value for them. Has a good capability to adopt the taste of consumers by time to time. Does research on the competitors to see what strategies are they use to meet the customers need. Has good marketing plans and delivered the promise that they made with customers to give them high quality, appropriate features, design, styles and categories, right price products with availability. By satisfying the consumers needs/wants Nike getting well published in the market place and achieving its objective by making profit. 1. D Implementation of the marketing concept The benefits are: Knowing and understanding the changing needs, wants and desires of athletes and customers to create new innovative products. Look forward to market changes and take action very firstly to those changes. Strong brand image with consistently increase the number of people satisfied. Improve stakeholder benefits and maintain strong share values. Leading the market with advance thought and technology.(Nike+, Nike Free) Market research gives a huge priority of product acceptability.( packaging and attractive fashionable design) Sponsoring various celebrity sports personalities and certified teams who are used to get concentration of customers on Nike products. Easily manage the criticism. Powerful advertising of Nike products are creating better market for the company. The continuous improvement of the companys core competence. The costs of adopting the marketing concept are: Heavy investment in the marketing research and product development.(NSRL) High costs of employing the best people in their specialist areas. Using world best players for advertising products. Sponsoring different celebrities and professional teams in time basis. Huge investment on product advertisement before launching in the market. Different promotional costs TV advert, sales promotion and public relation. Distribution costs serving product in different channels. Communication costs- dealing differently with a range of different market segments. Heavy cost of maintaining large and expensive website. Task-2 2. A Macro and micro environmental factor Macro Environmental factor: Micro environmental factor is an external factor that influences the company externally. Social factor Nike brand and its slogan just do it is very well known to people. Consciousness of people about dieting and fitness. Consumers are changing themselves from sports to fashion oriented. Promotional advertising to get more young customers where internet is using as a primary source of information. Sponsoring sporting events and clinics to make good social image. Motivating womens, young consumers for leisure activities. Technological factor: Effective use of IT in the section of marketing information system in every aspect of products from development to distribution. It has advance technology to develop and research their product. Has a great propensity to take on new technology for the product. Heavy design and shape of athletic footwear. Nike has NSRL (Nike Sports Research Laboratory) which is offer new ways to improve existing products. Micro environmental factor: Profit margin for Nike 5 years average: 46.8% (Gross Margin) 9.3% (Net Margin) Structure- Nike has a matrix structure and there geographical structure consists of with NAFTA (USA, Canada, and Mexico), EU, EMEA and Asia Pacific. Technological development- For developing and executing idea Nike has APE, NSRL and it also has tax expert economists which focus in the reduction of future costs. HRM- Orthopedic Experts, Rubber Technologists, Production Engineers who are Involved to find out the right people and product for the company. Procurement- Nike buys its raw materials in bulk size, use labors and other services in the same countries where manufacturing takes place. Inbound Logistics China, Vietnam, Indonesia and Thailand. Operations Operating their business in more than 160 countries where most of the production is occurred in China, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, Turkey, Sri Lanka, India, Cambodia, Taiwan, Mexico and Israel. Outbound Logistics They sell their product to the retailers, via internet and with 700 contract shops in the whole world. Sales Marketing Secret Tournament campaign approach- TV internet ads, retails, consumers events, public relations.  [5]   6 Value Chain Analysis 2. B Segmentation criteria Geographic Segmentation Geographic segmentation is about dividing the market within diverse geographical part for example- in cities, town, nations, countries and regions. Nike footwear is really famous in the part of EU, EMEA and Asia Pacific currently. The objective is to sell this product in those continents where some particular sports is most popular. For example, football, basketball, rugby is widely popular in Europe now-a-days. It is not much popular in south Asia so basically its footwear is advertised more generally in Europe. (Nike, 2009). Demographic segmentation Demographic segmentation divides on age, gender, race, occupation, income, nationality, family size and also on the level of education. Relating to age and income, they target peoples in variety age from young person to middle-aged adults and the income series is basically from middle to upper class. By depends on race and gender it has broadly expanded itself nationally. They do advertise for both men and women for every single race and nationality. Nike really doesnt show off themselves with families but identify with teams. Teams of different sports in the world are targeted by Nike. It also did run ad campaign called stay in school in 1991. Psychographic Segmentation Psychographic segmentation gives a picture about social class, standards, characteristics, and the life style- opinions, beliefs, interests and values of customers. Nike uses athlete where it influences consumer to be interested on their shoes and footwear. Nike promotes a positive and confident attitude, target always those kinds of people. 2. C Target market Young generation (bachelor stage) between 18-30 years old. Because they want to themselves appear to others to be fit, healthy and athletic Because at this stage of age young people prepare themselves to enter into the job market. They are the generation X, they like fashion, sports. Nike uses their sports celebrity to advertise footwear which is fashionable and that make influences them to buy footwear. just do it, write the future are some of slogan that make these X generation very aggressive to do anything good and make the future bright. People between 30-50 years old, middle-high income social class. These people have already been achieved a bit in his/her life and they are now away from the crisis of economy. They have made their status, position in the society, wants to lead life gorgeously with prestige product like Nike. People can show of their status and ability of leading healthy life. Nike advertises its products by using different ways and it targets a particular groups or types of people by ads. Nike targeted men in a way that appeals to masculine values and to women with appeals to their values. Women today want equality with men, to be seen as just as able bodied and finally, both genders will buy Nike because its expensive and shows that they have the money to buy Nike, just as people buy Mercedes cars when a Fiat does the same job. 2. D Buyer behaviour in marketing activities I am going to mention some marketing activities that should follow Nike to take part on buyer behaviour: Psychological forces Motivation- Nike is a top brand with high quality design, style, price and lasting warranty which motivate people to buy Nike. Perception- World reputation, brand image, high features and quality. Personality- to show off to their friends and neighbours that they are fit, healthy athletic types and able to afford Nikes products. Social groups Culture- produce different design product based on the culture. Subculture- example-Air Jordan shoes specifically makes for basket ball game, popular in North America- USA, Canada. Social class- middle and upper classes. Reference group- Popular celebrities, teams and clubs Nike adopt to convince consumer to buy their footwear. Family- Parents want to see their children are athletes, well fitted and healthy which influence them to buy Nike. Situational Factors World brand and fashionable products. 700 contract shops all over the world where buyer can buy. (Over 18000 shops in USA) To show off people the status and ability to buy Nike. New innovative, fashionable, unique design and attractive footwear make interest and desire of consumers to buy Nike. Nike their information search leaves a buyer with possible alternatives, the evoked set. Nike has different features; design footwears which are specially different and suitable for particular work. (Football, soccer, running, skateboarding, cycling etc.). If the consumers are not satisfied on the previous product then they can try new any other model. Nike has so many stores, different products/models, well packaging system and many convenient ways for consumer to buy. Nike is such kind of brand which is persuading consumer decisions to purchase a Nike product with risk free. Good product, consumer feels superior with their whole satisfactory and tells someone about their satisfaction. Information search Internal search, memory. Providing ample information on Nike official site, internet, You Tube, in stores, on TV, radio, newspaper, magazine and public sources about the product. Task-3 3. A. Competitive Advantages Nike, at the present time ahead from their competitors by achieving some competitive advantages through their products. Nike has cost effective management information system(MIS) and many management layer that helps to reduce the overall product cost.  [7]   Continuous training and development program increase the efficiency of workers. By using advance technology and modern machineries they can produce product in a short time with low cost. They find out lowest price of raw materials and use cheap labour from under developing countries. Setting up business near to the suppliers. Huge scale of operation all over the world and where by finding place they minimize manufacturing costs. Selling product in low price where many competitors are visible. Using cheap transport carriers for product. Huge scale of advertising in those countries them running their business. Brand name, equity, image, recognition and world reputation. Using popular athletes for advertising and recommending their products. Trade mark -just do it, write the future and patents. New product development. Giving chance customer to customize footwear in their own style through online. Strong and genius RD, HRM. These are the sustainable competitive advantages that keeping ahead Nike at top position of the market and helping them to take proper advantages from their competitors and achieving the loyalty from the customers. 3. B. Distribution Strategy In fiscal 2009, Nike produced 100% of their footwear in china, Vietnam, Indonesia and Thailand and they distributed this footwear in their own countries as well as USA+ EMEA and Asia Pacific regions. Nike distributes their footwear to the retailers or whole sellers from straight to the factory or distribution centre all over the world through their own websites, direct mail or over the phone. In the distribution centre they inventory all their footwear and deliver them to different place in the world. Nike also uses agents, sales representative to distribute their product. So, in order to increase sales Nike has tried to wide their distribution channels. Not only this, Nike has used internet to distribute product by using virtual stores. They use containers and ships to deliver their product. Apart from, Nike uses future order program which help them to produce the product on time with lean production method and also help them to deliver just in time. Nike gives a good amount of redu ction on their product if resellers buy in a bulk size. Nike can take those steps in below to improve their distribution strategy. Need to build more small and large distribution centre to make product available. Need another centre in a particular area in case of fire or large number of small centres to spread risks. Back up IT system. Using very modern technology to produce, distribute and provide greater convenience and information. To constraint of time and space disappear should use online retailing. Using door to door service system. Cutting down production cost. Depending on the consumer behaviour, Nike should focus on the price instead of brand. 3.C. Pricing A full understanding of production costs, profit objectives, customers, competition, and other market information will help to determine the pricing strategy that best fits for Nike. With this information, the minimum price Nike can charge to break even and the highest price based on an estimate of customer demand. Here I am giving a demand curves for Nike that will help them to make price depends on the market demand. Price( £) Quantity Demanded Total Revenue 50 1000 50000 100 800 80000 150 400 60000 200 300 60000 First of all, Nike works out on diverse factors like market share, opposition, product uniqueness and perceived value of the product. In certain segments they are charging unique prices cause of quality product. They use the premium pricing strategy-fixed price, where they are enabling by the product to maintain its standard in the market. Nike has uniqueness that gives themselves extra value to the consumer. Nike is a prestige product which is highly demanded, where people shows their ability of buying Nike shoes. The image they made to the consumer about their brand which is influenced them to pay high price. If Nike wants then they can apply value base pricing strategy in certain segments. Sales Innovations Early adaptor early majority late majority laggards 2.5% 13% 31% 35% 18.5% High price less expensive good demand well demand not much expensive Then before good price better price  £70  £65  £60  £50  £40 Consumers (100%) Here, Nike charged high price at the beginning and skimming the profit from the market which is helping them to achieve their objectives. They do huge advertisement to make the price acceptable to the consumers and persuade consumers to buy premium product. 3D. Promotional strategy Nike has great marketing communication techniques with high quality products and loyal consumers which helps them to keep stay in the top position from a long time. By doing campaign about the ability of men, women with new fashion, using famous celebrates athletes and teams for advertising which are such outstanding steps they have taken to keep good communication between them and consumers. They have signed top athletes from different background of sports like soccer- Ronaldho, Ronaldinho, basket ball- Michael Jordan, tennis- Rafael Nadal , golf- Tiger Woods, cycling and some of the other sports. Not only these they sponsor local college students also. Nike uses new geographical area to promote their new product. Advertising on the TV- write the future, just do it contains slogan, internet- YouTube and other sites, broadcast which helps them to break the geographical barriers and increase the ability to reach people on the other part of the world. Sponsoring in different social activities where people or players wear Nike logo contains dresses; sales promotions like discounts, coupons and to keep good relation with the public they release their own press and magazine and take part on the events. Apart from, different tactics they use in advertising on TV which diverts consumer to visit internet to Nike website to see the finial ends. All those things are integrated Nike to meet its specific objectives in an efficient way. The objectives are included- new customers, new geographical areas, retaining the regular customers and bringing back the lapsed customers. Task-4 4. A. Marketing mix Nike is mainly footwear company but they also produce other apparels and stuffs as well. So for this section my choice is Nike footwear. The two marketing mixes that I have chosen for Nike they are- Sponsoring events Exhibitions or Fashion shows Sponsoring events- Nike might sponsors different community events like as local sports team, by doing music concerts or sports quiz in the city centre, school sports days, boys scouts and girls guide events or local community events for kids to show off their products while advertising the events as Sponsored by Nike. They could contribute some money there to make those events great to the people. Here, Nike aimed to target local communities and familiar themselves with Nike footwear, to make feel people price is not always a matter where brand, quality is visible and Nike is always with them in everywhere. Not only that, by doing this they can do some free publicity, can bring the attention and also can get opinions from different people. Fashion shows- Here, I am suggesting Nike to arrange 250-400 Nike fashion shows in posh restaurants to show and sell their fashions to the kind of people who can afford them. The restaurant wouldnt charge for entrance because it would bring them loads of new people who had never been there before and they could sell food and refreshments. But Nike could charge a small entrance fee and give the money to a sports charity thereby getting extra free publicity. Nike would of course advertise these fashion shows in banners or newspapers or in the posters. By doing these Nike can target richer class of people and can make influence to buy Nike prestige footwear to show their personality, ability to buy such brand and expensive footwear like Nike. 4.B. Marketing excellence is a key success factor in virtually any industry or company focused on consumer products or services. Defining what marketing excellence really means and how to mobilize the organization to achieve that goal, however, can be extremely challenging. Marketing products and services to organization has some good differences between them. For organization, marketing products are those activities that is related with products and a company does those activities until sell product to the end users. For Nike, they buy their raw materials from different manufacturer in a bulk size. For example they produced shoes, in the perspective of organization they need to count its ownership for the product which includes with product delivery costs, holding costs in stock and other costs like research and development etc. Not on these, they think about the quality as well. On this section organization buy product in bulk size in a very cheap price which is necessary. If unnecessary things bought by company which might affect the whole company in financially. On the other hand, marketing services are those work that company does to sell its product to actual consumer. On here, organization try to find out the way which will be useful to get/attract more consumers where it is imperceptible for marketing products. This is a common divergence between marketing a product and service. Here, organization puts lots of attempt to make desirability of its consumer. 4.C. In shortly, international marketing is a kind of marketing where a company setup his business in different foreign environment, consumer, laws and regulations. On the other hand, domestic marketing is all about running the business in the local/domestic market. In the aspect of Nike, there has many differences between those two markets. Cultural differences- Diverse and multicultural people who has different religion, taste, fashion, ideology and living standard. Different from social, economical, political and methods of doing business. Suppose Nike in China is completely different form Nike USA from the policies and ways of doing business. Market- Wide market with a number of competitors, challenges, risks, complexities and expensive. Different currencies which can varies time to time. The rate of customs duty, VAT or sales tax charged on the product. Changes to the products because of standards, voltages or average sizes of the population. Different language- Due to a language barrier it is more difficult to obtain and understand research data in international marketing. Promotional messages need to consider dozens of cultural differences between different countries. For example, for advertisement Nike uses different athletes depends on the country. By considering the differences in languages, expressions, habits, gestures, ideologies Nike develops their promotional messages. Those are some of the areas that makes difference between the international and domestic market for Nike.

Martin Luther King, Jr. Essay

Good vs. Evil has been a classic contrast used for centuries. It has been used in films, books, plays, and even children’s tales. But what constitutes good and evil? What determines if an act is good or evil? The things that we know, the things we believe, are not our own original ideas. That is a known fact. Everything we know and believe was influenced by our upbringing, our family and friends or lack of, our education; basically every thing that comes into contact with us. Even for the people who would say â€Å"I hated my parents and my education so they didn’t influence my beliefs! † Well, I’m sorry to be the one to tell you, but they did. The need that you may have had to rebel caused you to believe in opposite things from your family or whoever you wanted to rebel against. But thats another question for another chapter. In todays world, we trust our own beliefs as to what is good and what is evil. But what defines this? Most people would tell you that the â€Å"norm† defines good and evil. Society tells you that helping an old lady across the street is good and shooting a man in the head is evil. Don’t get me wrong though, I do believe in good and doing the right thing, I just want to portray a philosophical approach to this contrast. Back to the point, if everyone trusts the â€Å"norm† to decide what is good and what is evil; then isn’t that a form of mob mentality? Mob mentality is something that people are constantly warned about in literature through out time, an example being Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn. So I have reached a paradox. If the â€Å"norm† is decided by the majority of people, and the majority of people coming together to create an idea is mob mentality, and mob mentality is considered bad and wrong; then aren’t our ideas of good and evil created by something that is not good in the first place? If you are at this point reading and wondering what my answer will be to this question, I want to tell you now not to get your hopes up because I don’t have a difinitive answer to that. Let’s bring this idea back in time to the early times of human existence. What are a human’s basic needs? Food, water, clothing and shelter, right? I’ve heard this hundreds of times. Well if we humans are in fact animals, then we have a set of instinctive needs. Just like a new born cougar enters the world with instinct for hunting, don’t we as well? If society wasn’t here to set guidelines wouldn’t we just be living in and amongst our instinctive needs? If one of our instinctive needs is to eat, and some of us choose to eat dogs or cats (as they do in some countries) then why do we have animal help groups breathing down people’s necks to make this stop? Because it is evil, right? But is it really? I myself could not stand the thought of me eating a dog or cat, and that is because I come from a society where these animals are pets, your friends. But why is it wrong for people from another society to do this, when they don’t see it the same way we do? Who is right here? Of course, each side thinks they are right but is there a real answer to this question? Let’s give a scenario; two men break into your house, they kill everyone in your family except you and your mother. They put a gun to your mother’s head and say â€Å"We will kill her and you will get everything, the house, the car, the money, the only thing we require is that you join us and work for us. † What would you do? Do you take their offer and watch them kill your mother, or do you tell them no and die for it. It is a lose-lose situation, there is no realistic decision you could make that would create a win. If you let them kill your mother, you will live out the rest of your life with that hanging over your head. If you say no, then you both die. The people that are doing this are evil, right? Why? I would say because they are murdering innocent people, just wiping their existence away with the pull of a trigger. But do they think that? What if the person with the gun thought what he was doing was ok? What if he grew up on the streets and the only thing that he learned was violence. If violence was the norm for him, and it conflicts with our norm, which one is right? If you should always trust in your beliefs, what if your beliefs are wrong? Lets take an example from history. Martin Luther King Jr. vs. Hitler. Good vs. Evil, right? For argument’s sake, lets classify the general population of the world into two groups. Group A are the people who idolize MLK Jr. and despise Hitler. Group B are the people who idolize Hitler and despise MLK Jr. Both sides are amongst a group that holds the same beliefs and ideals as themselves. They all believe they are right, and if the idea of wrong and right is determined by the norm, and the norm is what the majority of people decides, then aren’t they both right? Doesn’t this faulty decision lead to extreme conflict? Look at all the past wars in this world. They all boil down to the basic fact that each side had conflicting beliefs and each side believed that they were doing the right thing. So does that make each side wrong or right? Good or Evil? What do you do to fix this major flaw in today’s society? Be yourself. Individuality. Don’t allow yourself to be too heavily influenced by the things around you. Take everything you see and keep it, soak it all up, leave no stone unturned, and when you think you have everything, then decide for yourself. The truth is what we all seek in one form or another. Some are content to leave things be and others aren’t. For those of us uncontent to settle for anything less than the truth, we are fighting a losing battle. I leave you with this quote from Wilkie Collins â€Å"Are there, infinitely varying with each individual, inbred forces of Good and Evil in all of us, deep down below the reach of mortal encouragement and mortal repression — hidden Good and hidden Evil, both alike at the mercy of the liberating opportunity and the sufficient temptation? â€Å"

An Analysis of as the Dead Prey Upon Us by Charles Olson

As the Dead Prey Upon Us Analysis Charles Olson was an innovative essayist and poet in the 1950s-1960s. He created the idea of â€Å"Projective verse† and wrote and essay on it, asserting that a poem is a transfer of energy from the writer to reader. Projective verse allows the energy of the poem to be properly discharged. He also explained that form is an extension of the content of the poem, which is why are all breathed conditioned by his ear.He thought the best verses were supposed to sync your ear and your breath. Olson also believed closed form and structured stanzas wasn’t conducive to expressing details and making truly original poetry. This idea of projective verse gives us an understanding when studying the form of â€Å"As the Dead Prey Upon Us†. â€Å"As the Dead Prey Upon Us† is written in projective verse using a variety of stanza patterns, from long verses to short, sparse verses.Despite the varied form, the imagery is strong throughout. The poem begins with the perception that the ghosts who haunt humans represent those parts of people that have not had the chance to live fully. The ghost may signify a repressed or constrained part of someone’s personality or an unresolved conflict nagging at the back of the mind. When the speaker complains that his mother’s death continues to haunt him, he begins by observing that the dead are unacknowledged facts of self.These repressed events or memories are â€Å"the sleeping ones,† and the speaker bids them to awake and thus to â€Å"disentangle from the nets of being! † The poem is divided into two sequences of unnumbered stanzas. Usually, Olson will mark off the segments of different â€Å"acts† in a poem according to a simple pattern. Part 1 of a long lyric sequence sets up the conditions in which a thinking process will ensue, in which a variety of isolated elements taken from different sources in experience, including dreams, are carefully sifted and their internal relations worked out.The second sequence synthesizes, imagines, and philosophically investigates the â€Å"formal† construct, a process in which the new form is woven into the context of other knowledge possessed by the poet. An Olson poem is thus the carefully staged reenactment of how the mind works to understand itself when seized by creative activity, such as dreaming. In this instance, the speaker is aroused by the irritating insistence of a dream he has had of his dead mother. The speaker has awakened and now recounts his dream to himself (and to the reader) in an effort to decipher its twisted plot.The progression of stanzas introduces the reader to the other features of the dream: a visit to a tire store, where he may have observed the mechanic working under his car while replacing the tires; a vision of his mother surrounded by other dead souls in the living room of his house, where a film projector is showing a film against one of the walls ; and in another room, an American Indian woman walks a blue deer around in circles, a deer that speaks in an African American dialect or like an old woman as it looks for socks or shoes to wear, â€Å"now that it was acquiring/ human possibilities. This latter image of the evolving deer generates the discussion on the â€Å"nets of being,† the laws that govern human identity and set it apart from other orders of nature, animals, and angels. To be human, the speaker notes, is to be limited to the â€Å"five hindrances,† the five senses of the body from which awareness derives. Human awareness is a niche in reality that dreaming expands and contradicts. The speaker must try to resolve the differences between what he has dreamed from his unconscious and what he understands as waking awareness, the world perceived by sense and logic.The speaker’s dilemma is that he is of two minds that do not connect except here, in this poem, where the reader finds him puzzling o ut the meaning of a dream in his waking state. The situation is ironic, the perfect representation of the problem of divided nature Olson wishes to resolve. Personally, I did not like this poem. I took a lot of time to understand the idea and meaning behind the poem, and while I appreciate the ideas Olson was trying to address, I don't like the way it was done and I disagree with his negativity of closed verse.I feel like both closed and open verses have their place, and both can express creativity in a poem. I also, did not enjoy the many readings I had to do of the poem before I realized what it meant. Honestly, upon first reading, I had no idea what was going on. After several readings I began to glean the meaning of the poem behind it. While I enjoy poems that require thought to find the meaning, I felt like someone who didn't understand Olson's ideas on progressive verse won't fully understand the meaning behind the format of his stanzas. Works Cited http://www. poetryfoundatio n. org/bio/charles-olson

Robert Downey Jr. essays

Robert Downey Jr. essays Ten years he could have done without personally. Ten years his career could not have done without. Robert Downey Jr. seems just the latest poster boy for an over indulgent, self-destructive generation. The 90s showed more than a few shoots and ladders for Downey. Its 1993, and it looks like he is on top of the world. Theres a loving wife, a newborn son, and an Oscar nomination for his performance as Charlie Chaplin in Chaplin. But theres more to this story. Im starting to think, you know maybe I better start thinking about the marathon instead of the sprint, says Downey. Robert Downey Sr., his father, is the one who first introduced his six-year-old son to marijuana. I think a lot of us did things and thought it would be hypocritical not to have our kids participate in marijuana, and so we thought it was cute to let them smoke it and all. It was an idiot move on our parts. Downey Senior admits. Until 1996, none of his problems had become public. But the carefully constructed image was beginning to shake. His wife, model/actress Deborah Falconer, moved out in April, taking their two-year-old son with them. Falconer, a former addict herself, later said that part of it was because of his drug abuse. And then, on June 23rd Downey was pulled over on the Pacific Coast Highway for speeding. Malibu police found heroin and cocaine in his black Ford Explorer. He was arrested, and charged with two felony counts of drug possession, along with misdemeanor charges of driving under the influence, and being under the influence of a controlled substance. He was released on bail, pending trial. On July 16, only three weeks later, police receive a 911 call from a woman claiming a strange man had passed out in her childs bed. Police arrive to find Robert Downey Jr., indeed passed out in a childs bedroom. Apparently under the influence, he wandered into his neighbor&a...

Maglev trains Essay Example

Maglev trains Essay Example Maglev trains Essay Maglev trains Essay MAGLEV trains are a signifier of transit that includes scientific discipline of magnets and implies the hereafter of transit engineering. So what are MAGLEV trains? MAGLEV stands for magnetic levitation which means it uses magnetic forces to travel and travel. Even though this engineering might look really futuristic, it has a history that goes back to 1900s! It did nt get down at 1909 but an American projectile scientist by the name of Robert Goddard idea of transit system vehicles that levitated for high velocity conveyance. Besides a Gallic applied scientist, Bachelet, built a theoretical account train that levitated utilizing similar designs today. Even though these early scientists thought of this thought, they could nt happen out a manner to do this sort of transit. It was nt until at around 1960 s MAGLEV transit research resumed. This was when engineering had been more modern. James Powell A ; Gordon Danby developed designs for MAGLEV trains. By early 1970 s, the States had began proving reduced scaly theoretical accounts of magnetic levitation. Finally, Stanford Research Institute had tested a half-ton vehicle for magnetic levitation, taking to building of more advanced engineering. This finally lead to innovation of a MAGLEV train that could aboard people safely. In 1984 the first commercialized Maglev train was officially unfastened in England. In Japan, 2 trains were constructed and they held the fastest velocities yet, 581 kilometers per hour ( 2003 ) . The magnetic levitation trains were and still are, built throughout the universe and still they are being redesigned to do it faster and better. So, after reading about the long history of this absorbing engineering one thing sticks in head, 581 kilometers per hour? ! Yes, this is non some false computation or something of that kind. So if this train can travel 581 kilometers per hour so what is it made out of? This engineering can be simple or really complicated, retrieving that scientists Robert Goddard and Bachelet could nt happen out the expression of this system. So how does it work? The rubric says it all, magnetic levitation, magnets that are driving each other so that there can be levitation. It ca nt be any simpler than that, but this is what the rubric means. Let s see how the engineering works throughout the procedure. If you of all time played with magnet before, so you should cognize by now that opposites attract and similar repel. This is the basic rule of electromagnetic propulsion. This is what the train is utilizing in basic footings. On the magnetic levitation path, there is a magnetic spiral traveling along the path which repels the big magnets on the train. This allows the train to levitate from between 1 to 10cm above the spiral or guideway. As the train is levitated, a alone system is created of magnetic Fieldss that pull and force the train along the path as power is supplied to the guideway. The power or electric current that is supplied to the spirals is invariably jumping to alter the mutual opposition, doing the magnetic field in forepart of the train to draw and the magnetic field Begin to push . Maglev trains float on a thin bed of air which eliminates clash. This makes the train s velocities go more than 500 kilometers per hour. This brief account of how it works likely helped why it went so fast and besides how the system works. This train might sound all really good and you re likely believing why does nt everybody acquire this? Well there are the negative sides to this excessively. The likely # 1 for most job is the cost. These trains can acquire really ready to hand and besides are really eco-friendly to the environment merely that they are close to 4~5 billion dollars to construct one train system in each subdivision. So, that is likely why this train is non in every state. Besides the magnetic levitation trains have other issues like no magnetic informations storage- difficult thrusts, recognition cards, separation between train and guideway has to be monitored at all times because of instability of electromagnets, and etc. Even though the trains seem to be all right in the present right now, there are still more being built and more to come. There are many maglev systems being proposed in North America, Asia and Europe. Besides there are at least 10 programs for separate U.S lines in the systems. The engineering is easy being developed everyday and so are maglev trains. There are many new theories and new developments being made and thought for the magnetic levitation systems still today.

Drug Treatment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Drug Treatment - Essay Example The answer, may be found in the second article. Perhaps if the approach taken was a cultural one, society in general would look at addiction for what it isa disease. Historically speaking, addiction was never looked at through culture but merely as man's weakness for the drink. In the nineteenth century the temperance movement argued that alcohol inevitably provoked loss of control. That is, the nineteenth-century view of alcohol addiction is exactly that which in the twentieth century has been connected to narcotics: that the drug is inherently addictive so that regular use guarantees an enslavement of the individual that leads progressively to moral collapse and death. This idea of progressive, irreversible, inevitable exacerbation of the habit, causing loss of control of personal behavior and of the ability to make moral discriminations, actually retains strong elements of both colonial and temperance moralism. It is therefore not correct to say simply that modern disease notions have replaced outdated "moral" models of drug use. Rather, relabeling misbehavior as a medical consequence of drug use locates the source of evil in the drug and dictates that the addict's moral responsibility is to avoid the substance entirely--that is, to abstain. If the Strengthening Families Program was applied culturally, weakness would not be the focal point. Instead, vulnerability would.

Case Analysis.Sustainable Development Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Analysis.Sustainable Development - Case Study Example It also helps in suggesting best business practices on various issues on variety of platforms like government, non government and inter-governmental organizations (WBSCD, 2013c). The main objectives of the association are as follows: To be one of the leading business that advocate on matters like sustainable development To actively participate in policy development and in development of the right kind of framework that helps in making an effective contribution in sustainable human progress To develop and promote the business case for sustainable development To demonstrate the business contributions to the development of sustainable business solutions and sharing the knowledge among the members (WBSCD, 2013d). To contribute towards a sustainable future for developing nations The association helps in bringing the forward thinking companies together that help in reshaping the global business community and in creating a sustainable future for society, business and environment. ... It helps the management of various companies to lay emphasis on the societal and environmental concerns in the business interactions and decisions taken by the stakeholders. CSR is in response to the various kinds of civil society and consumer pressure. The main focus of WBCSD is to ensure that the CSR model has been implemented by various organizations that will help in taking managerial decisions ethically (WBSCD, 2013e). The main focus of the organization is to ensure that the companies are aware about the benefits, applications and awareness of the CSR model. WBCSD ensures that the CSR assists the small and medium enterprises in developing countries in promoting environmental awareness and also achieve their organizational goals. Promotion of CSR concept among small and medium enterprise requires several approaches that complements the business capacity and needs and do not have an adverse impact of the business decisions taken by the management. Various techniques like Triple Bo ttom Line theory and other CSR based programme have proven to be instrumental in meeting social and environmental needs without compromising their competiveness. Company Profile: Saipem Saipem is regarded as one of the largest oil and gas companies in the entire oil and gas industry. It is one of the leading companies in engineering, construction and drilling. The company enjoys a superior position in the offshore and onshore oil industry by completion of successful technological projects. Saipem is regarded as one of the global contractor companies with a strong presence in Middle East, Asia, West Africa, North Africa, FSU and Central Asia. It has a strong presence in the European region and the major part